Q- Write a few lines to show what you know about-
1. Kulaks
2. The Duma
3. Women workers between 1900 and 1930
4. The Liberals
5. Stalin’s Collectivization programme
Answer-
1. Kulaks:
The peasants who were well to do were known as Kulaks in Russia Empire. By 1927-1928 the towns of Soviet Russia were facing an acute problem of grains supplies. They were thought to be partly responsible for this. Also do develop modern farms or land and run them along industrial lies, the party under the leadership of Stalin thoughts it was necessary to eliminate Kulaks.
2. The Duma:
Throughout the Russian Revolution in 1905, the creation of an elected consultative parliament in Russia was permitted by the Tsar. This consultative parliament in Russia was Known as The Duma.
3. Women workers between 1900 and 1930:
Women participated in both, the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the February Revolution of 1917, to improve the conditions of Russia and shape its future. Women workers made up to 31% of the factory labour force by 1914, but their wages were very less than men.
Women had to perform double role of caring her family and children and work for earning money in factories. They were active participants of the country and inspired their male co-workers. Let us take the incident of Marfa Vasileva, where a female worker in the Loverz telephone Factory raised her voice against the increasing prices and high handedness of the factory owners and also organised a successful strike.
This incident was followed by another one where women workers established a socialistic state in Russia to protest against injustice and demand for equal rights.
4. The Liberals:
Liberals were those people who wanted a nation which tolerated all religions, were known as liberals in Russia. Their main motive was to safe-guard the right of individuals against the government. They also opposed the domination power of the Dynastic rulers.
One can say the outlook of the Liberals was conceived to a certain level as they agreed a representative, elected parliamentary government subjects to laws. They wanted a Independent Judiciary and want to abolish dynastic rule. They follow the idea of Universal Adult Franchise and voting right for women.
5. Stalin’s Collectivization programme:
The towns in Soviet Russia were facing an active problem of grain supply in 1927-1928. The investigation was done by Stalin at that time, as he was the leader. He launched or take some important majors against it immediately.
Stalin’s Collectivization programme was one of these all measures in 1929. It was The profit of the collective farm was shared among kolkhoz who worked under that land. However, the farmers who refused to work were collectively punished.
Stalin’s government allows some peasants to work freely but they were treated very badly.
Stalin’s collectivization programme had adverse consequences; the production did not increase rapidly and in the collective harvesting led to one the worst famines in the Soviet History in 1930-1933.