Q- Write short notes on the following:
(i) the Indian desert (ii) the central highlands (iii) the island groups of India
Answer- (a). The Indian Deserts:
The Indian desert which is also commonly known as the Thar desert lies towards the western margins of the Aravali hills. It is a huge are covered with sand dunes called ‘Barchans’. This area receives very low rainfall of about 15 cm per year. This region has arid climate with non vegetation cover. The only river of that area is Luni river.
(b). The Central Highlands:
The Central highlands are the parts of the peninsular plateau which lies to the north of the Narmada river draining this region, namely the Chambal, Sind, Ken and Betwa is from southwest to northeast, thus indicating the slope. These highlands are wider in western region whereas narrow in eastern region. The eastward extensions of this plateau are locally known as the ‘Bundelkhand’ and ‘Baghelkhand’.
(c). The island groups of India:
India is a large country which occupies its coastal line with three seas: Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean. There are two main island groups of India. The first one is Lakshadweep and the other is Andaman and Nicobar Island. The Lakshadweep Island lies in Arabian Sea and Andaman and Nicobar Island is located in Bay of Bengal near Indian Ocean.
The Lakshadweep consists of many small island located opposite the Kerala coast in the Arabian Sea. This island consists of coral deposits called ‘atolls’ in Malayalam which refers to their ring or ‘horse-shoe’ shape. The Andaman and Nicobar islands are large in size. They are most in number and more widely scattered.
There are total 19 island group in Nicobar and 200 islands in the Andaman.
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The Indian Desert: The great Indian desert is also popularly known as Thar desert. The Indian Desert is a very large barren land or arid region in India that lies in northwestern region of country India. It covers a huge area of about 200000 square km. The Indian Desert is 20th largest desert in the World and 9th largest hot Subtropical desert. The climatic condition of Indian Desert is subtropical and arid. The days are very hot in Thar desert whereas the nights are extremely cold. Only few species of animals are found in this desert area such as: snakes, rat, camels, great Indian bustard, foxes, desert cats, eagles etc. The Indian Desert work as a natural boundary between Indian and Pakistan. Thar desert lies about 95 percent in India and 15 percent in Pakistan. It covers about 4.55 percent of total geographical area of India. The soil of Indian desert is very dry because of it’s hot and dry climate and this makes it very prone to wind erosion. There are several and dunes near Thar desert these sand dunes are forms when the dry sand flow with air and got deposited in the neighbouring fertile region of Thar desert. To avoid this a major issue of formation of sand dunes near desert region. People used to did afforestation in that region. So, that the soil could not flow with wind anymore. This prevents desert from increasing its area.
There are some specific trees and plants that are planted in borders of desert area to prevent dry sand from moving along with wind. Some of the examples of these plants and trees are: lebbek tree, phog, Gum acacia, senna, Prosopis juliflora, castor oil seed etc.
The Central Highlands: The Central highlands lies in the parts of the peninsular plateau which lies to the north of the Narmada river draining this region, namely the Chambal, Sind, Ken and Betwa is from southwest to northeast, thus indicating the slope. It’s not very necessary to tell you about the Central highlands of India in detail. So, we are going to finish in it in a short paragraph. So You should continue reading about it. The Central Highlands are responsible for covering the majority of the region of Malwa plateau. This plateau is narrower in east and broader in western part. This plateau further extends to chhotanagpur plateau.
The Island groups of India: We all know that most of the borders of country India is covered by water. So, there are several island groups of India which lies in both Arabian sea and Bay of bengal. In this paragraph we are going to tell you about the two main island groups of India that are Lakshadweep, Indira point in Andaman and Andaman & Nicobar island.
The Andaman & Nicobar island has several beaches in it that attracts several tourists every year. Port Blair is the capital of Andaman & Nicobar island. Most of the economy of this island is from tourism.
The Lakshadweep island lies in the Arabian sea. Lakshadweep is one of the island groups of India with coral origin. Lakshadweep island is the nest mostly populated small place after sikkim in India. The capital of Lakshadweep island is Kavaratti.
The Indira point in Andaman & Nicobar is located in the southernmost point of India. This place was named on behalf of India’s first woman prime minister Indira Gandhi. The lighthouse of Indira point of commenced in April month of year 1972. Majority of the area of Indira point is protected by Indian Coast Guard.
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