Explain how animals in vertebrata are classified into further sub-groups

Q- Explain how animals in Vertebrata are classified into further sub-groups?

Answer- Kingdom Animalia is further classified into sub-phylum Vertebrata. The vertebrata are further classified into six categories. This classification is done on the basis of their skin and exoskeleton.

The sub division of vertebrate is as follows:

(a) Chondrichthyes:

1. The skin of Chondrichthyes is with unicellular mucous glands.

2. The exoskeleton of Chondrichthyes is formed of microscopic dermal placoid scales.

3. Some of the examples of animals in Chondrichthyes are: Dogfish, Sting ray, electric ray e.t.c. .

(b) Osteichthyes:

1. The skin of Osteichthyes is with unicellular mucous glands.

2. The exoskeleton of Osteichthyes is formed of macroscopic dermal cycloid or ctenoid scales.

3. Some of the examples of animals in Osteichthyes are: Rohu, Sea horse, lung fish e.t.c. .

 (c) Amphibia:

1. The skin of Amphibians is with umulticellular mucous glands.

2. The exoskeleton is absent in Amphibians.

3. Some of the examples of animals in Amphibia are: Toads, Salamander, Frog e.t.c. .

(d) Reptilia:

1. The skin of Reptiles is dry and non-glandular.

2. The exoskeleton of Reptiles is formed of epidermal scales.

3. Some of the examples of animals in Reptilia are: Snakes, Anaconda e.t.c. .

(e) Aves:

1. The skin of Aves is thin, dry and non-glandular.

2. The bones of Aves are hollow in nature to make them lighter in weight that helps them to fly easily.

3. Some of the examples of animals in Aves are: Peacock, Sparrow, Pigeon e.t.c. .

(f) Mammalia:

1. The skin of Mammals is with sweat and oil glands.

2. The exoskeleton of Mammals is formed of hairs.

3. Some of the examples of animals in Mammalia are: whale, human being, monkeys e.t.c. .

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